The Contribution of Green Social Workers in Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change in Indonesia

: Climate change is part of natural disasters accompanied by the process of environmental degradation and harms human life holistically. The impact of climate change has become a serious problem experienced by various society levels, without any exception. Numerous scientific studies explain that climate change triggers various environmental changes that threaten the survival and welfare of society. Climate change adaptation and mitigation become the preventive and repressive strategies for controlling climate change. A continously developed program is the Climate Village Program (Proklim). The main basis of the program is community empowerment to be able to run sustainably. The present research focused on the study of roles, referring to the theory of Green Social Work by Lena Dominelli. The data were analyzed descriptively regarding the role of Green Social Workers concerning the suitability between the theory and practice. The application of the qualitative approach employed in this research was in the form of a case study. The researchers decided to employ the case study method because the what was investigated in this study was considered unique regarding the role of Green Social Workers in the Climate Village Program, which has been developed and implemented by the government. The roles of Green Social Workers were, first, helping to analyze and solve problems and respond to opportunities and challenges faced by farmers in managing their businesses; second, facilitating the learning process of farmers or Forest Farmer Group (KTH) in implementing good and sustainable business governance; third, assisting farmers, Forest Farmer Group (KTH), or community groups in developing institutions to be competitive and productive; fourth, improving the leadership, managerial, and entrepreneurial skills of farmers, Forest Farmer Group (KTH), or community groups; fifth, ensuring farmers' access to information, technology, and other resources in business development, and assisting as well as supervising farmers in improving production and productivity; sixth, being a safeguard of state assets in the form of forests, inviting the community to know, want, and participate in maintaining and protecting forest resources from various forest; seventh, encouraging the community to sustainably adapt and mitigate climate change; eighth, initiating the establishment of the Climate Village Program. Green Social Workers were indispensable in community empowerment, especially in encouraging environmental improvement to remain sustainable for the community's prosperity.


Introduction
Climate change is part of natural disasters accompanied by the process of environmental degradation and harms human life holistically. The impact of climate change has become a serious problem experienced by various society levels, without any exception. Numerous scientific studies explain that climate change triggers various environmental changes that threaten the survival and welfare of society. One of the real threats of environmental change is the sea level rise, as confirmed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, which estimated that within 100 years, starting in 2000; sea levels will rise as high as 15-90 cm with a definite increase of 48 cm (Mimura & Hideo, 2000). In addition, in 2021, the IPCC has issued a code red on the impacts of climate change that are expected to be faster than predicted. Susandi et al., (2008) also projected the sea level rise for coastal areas. Based on their projection, several regions in Indonesia are threatened with losing some land due to the problem. The projection results for 2010, 2050, and 2100 show that the landmasses lost in a row are 7,408 km 2 , 30,120 km 2 , and 90,260 km 2 .
Sea level rise threatens the physical loss of land and non-physical environment in the form of coastal ecosystems, including the lives of coastal communities. Demographic data shows that more than 110 million people, 60% of Indonesia's population, live within a radius of 50 km from the coastline, one of which is the Cilacap Regency, which is classified as the southern coast of Java. Based on research by (Suprihatin & Martono, 2016), the sea level rise in Cilacap Regency continued to experience significant changes. In their projection, one of the ten districts in Cilacap Regency that would lose land the fastest was Kampung Laut District, which was predicted to be inundated as the sea level rise by 2026. The monitoring of satellite imagery is shown in Figure 1.
The red parts indicate the land that would be lost and had a long-term adverse impact on coastal communities, especially for the poor and marginalized living under pressure. It was also studied by (Amri & Arifin, 2016) that the impact of climate change could also be noticed from the shift in seasons, rain intensity, impacts on the coastal ecosystem, and human lives in it. Furthermore, (Adger & Barnett, 2009) added that climate change might affect the availability of water, impacting the potential source of welfare for local communities. Climate change can affect people's lives in general (IASSW), 2016), exacerbate socioeconomic and cultural disparities, and potentially result in social, physical, and human instability (Dominelli, 2014).
This situation encouraged adaptation and mitigation efforts carried out by various parties, considering the very high level of vulnerability of coastal communities to the impacts of climate change (Sulastri, Haryadi, & Inayah, 2019). Climate change adaptation and mitigation is a form of adaptive action, socially and ecologically, to reduce vulnerability in coastal communities (Harun, M., 2015). Climate change adaptation and mitigation also become preventive and repressive strategies in controlling climate change. A continuously developed program is the Climate Village Program (Proklim) to improve adaptation and mitigation of the climate change impacts on the community. Based on the data collected from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF), 3,000 villages of the Climate Village Program were established in 2021. The program continues to be developed by targeting 20,000 villages by 2024. One of the villages is Ujungalang Village, Kampung Laut District, Cilacap Regency, Central Java Province, which received an award from the MOEF as the main category of the Climate Village Program. Uniquely, the implementation of the Climate Village Program in Ujungalang Village involves social workers in the community empowerment process. The involvement of social workers produces good results so that the program's sustainability can be achieved in the community.
The employment of social workers in climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts cannot be separated from the Green Social Work (GSW) approach. According to (Dominelli, 2018), GSW is a holistic approach to environmental crisis by encouraging social workers to internalize the principles, values, and concerns for environmental degradation and related disasters within the practical framework of society. In addition, Dominelli emphasized that a social worker who internalizes the GSW approach in his/her professional practice is referred to as a Green Social Worker. Thus, not all social workers can be considered as Green Social Workers. Green Social Work has its uniqueness in terms of internalization. Social workers can combine environmental sustainability and social functioning for a more prosperous community life through this approach. Dominelli & Ku, (2017) argue that paying attention to physical environmental sustainability is an inseparable part of professional practise carried out by social workers.
A scientific study conducted by (Cumby, 2013) on the correlation between social workers and climate change found that social workers played a role in dealing with environmental issues such as climate change. Social workers, in this case, acted as researchers, educators, clinicians, and community members. The results were also reinforced by (Shokane, 2019), who examined the role of social workers in managing the impacts of climate change in Tzaneen City, South Africa. The study findings concluded that social workers should make social interventions in communities affected by climate change. This form of intervention began with conducting an assessment and providing a disaster intervention strategy. Meanwhile, a study conducted by (Ramdani, 2020) explained that Green Social Work (GSW) in empowerment activities could mobilize community capacity to raise their concern for the environment. The empowerment process is significant in raising awareness for local communities so that the program can operate sustainably (Harahap, 2017). It proved that the existence of social workers was critical in improving community resilience through various efforts to adapt and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
These studies encouraged researchers to participate in investigating and proving that Green Social Work (GSW) was developing in Indonesia. The emphasis of this study was on the implementation of GSW in climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts in the community. The research was intended to contribute to science and technology on GSW in general. Research on GSW was still very limited and even considered rare in Indonesia. On the other hand, the development of the social work profession would continue to grow along with the enactment of Law Number 14 of 2019 on Social Workers. For this reason, scientific studies on GSW were essential to provide a new framework of science, values, and skills for the future of social workers in Indonesia.
This research was considered strategic to be conducted in Indonesia since a professional practice of implementing Green Social Work (GSW) had not been carried out massively; due to the absence of exploratory study on the implementation of GSW in dealing with various cases in communities affected by environmental degradation, in this case, climate change in Indonesia. Thus, an exploration was needed to prove that GSW can be developed in Indonesia. Based on these factual reasons, the topic of Green Social Work was very worthy of research both in terms of academics and practice. In addition, as a theoretical framework, the present study adopted the grand theory of Green Social Work, referring to (Dominelli, 2012). GSW can develop through four things, namely research, policy, education, and field experience. The field experience will later become an important basis for exploration through research.
Therefore, this scientific study made Green Social Work (GSW) the centre of interest to explore and describe the Contribution of Green Social Workers in Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change in Indonesia.

Method
The present study explored and described the Contribution of Green Social Workers in Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change in Indonesia, case studies of Ujungalang Village, Cilacap Regency, Central Java Province. This research focused on a case study in Ujungalang Village, Kampung Laut District, Cilacap Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The focus of the investigation was on the study of roles concerning the theory of Green Social Work by (Dominelli, 2018) and a descriptive analysis of the role of Green Social Workers regarding the conformity between theory and field practice.
Overall, this study employed a qualitative research method. It is known as naturalistic because its implementation is based on natural conditions (Creswell, 2013). On this basis, the qualitative research design in this study was carried out specifically by applying a supportive approach to data collection, data analysis, conclusion drawing, and preparation of research reports (Creswell, 2016). The implementation of the qualitative method approach in this research was in the form of the application of a case study research method.
The determination of the use of the case study method in this research was because the case being discussed was considered unique and related to the role of Green Social Workers in the Climate Village Program, which was being developed and implemented by the government. On the other hand, this study emphasized exploring and describing a particular case. In addition, the case study research method also aims to gather naturalistic facts. The main strength of this method is the ability to provide more detailed and in-depth information than other research methods because it involves an exploration known as its trademark. The uniqueness explored and depicted in the role of Green Social Workers in the Climate Village Program was described to answer research questions based on actual conditions in the field. This research method was expected to examine and develop pre-existing theories/concepts regarding Green Social Workers. Therefore, selecting the case study research method was a very appropriate decision.
This study presented primary data and secondary data. The primary data were collected by directly involving informants selected according to the criteria; one of them was by using a key informant. The key informant criteria in this study were Social Workers who worked in community development officer (CDO) positions who practiced Green Social Work. In addition, key informants actively assist the community in the Climate Village Program in Ujungalang Village, Kampung Laut District, Cilacap Regency. Meanwhile, the secondary data were collected from supporting references, such as the Environment and Forestry Office of Cilacap Regency and other supporting sources.
The stages of data analysis were carried out by giving meaning or interpreting data by organizing, sorting, grouping, coding or marking, and categorizing them into parts based on certain groupings, so that a formulation can be obtained regarding the research problems.

Results and Discussion
Green Social Work (GSW) is a new social work perspective that addresses structural inequality and environmental degradation. This new method supports the overall approaches for all people and other living things, including plants, animals, and physical ecosystems. This approach emphasizes the natural relationship among all existing elements and then redefines the need to care for others, including being responsible for preserving the earth. As (Dominelli, 2018) states, GSW is a transdisciplinary holistic approach undertaken by social workers, incorporating principles, values, and concerns to respond to damage and disasters related to environmental degradation into professional practice instead of daily activities. The meaning of "Green" in GSW is part of the vision carried out by social workers in holistically saving the environment from degradation. Social workers may adopt diverse roles in addressing environmental issues, ranging from practical assistance coordinators to developing community and individual resilience in responding to disasters throughout the disaster cycle, from prevention, preparedness, direct assistance, recovery, and reconstruction efforts.
The importance of adaptation efforts to the impacts of climate change is also stated by (Erickson, 2012) who emphasizes a contribution that can carried out by local people to improve their quality of life. It is at the heart of strategic and important alternative solutions in reducing the impact of climate change in a region. Meanwhile view from the point of view of a condition of society, which emphasizes on adaptability to climate change. It is said that adaptation is the ability of a system to adjust to the impacts of climate change (including climate variability and extreme variability) in a way reduce the damage caused, benefit or overcome change with all its consequences. Adaptation to climate change is one of the ways that adjustments are made spontaneously or planned to providing a positive reaction to climate change. Thus adaptation climate change is a necessary strategy at all scales community to alleviate an impact that occurs.
The concept of adaptation from (Abdoellah, 1993) refers to the existence of a lead relationship the return between man and his environment. This concept of adaptation emphasizes the existence of a reciprocal relationship between man and the environment because it is deep community life in an area to allocate and utilize resources that are seen as strategic in the face of an impact, so that the community even with its limitations can still carry out Life.
In the Green Social Work corridor the concept of adaptation is defined not far away as opposed to the concept. Adaptation in the systemic sense refers to such process, action, or result that could enable a system or its elements to cope with, manage, or adapt more good for some change in condition, stress, danger, risk or opportunity Even though this approach is relatively new, Green Social Work is the key to professional practice to encourage today's society to align with the environment. Knowing the dependence between fellow living beings will also bring all existing systems and institutions into the realm of work. The Green Social Work value system upholds equality, social inclusion, equitable distribution of resources, and a human rights-based approach to meet the community's needs for a sustainable and decent life.
Ecological and social problems are now something that can no longer be understood and tackled separately at the regional and national levels. Instead, these issues should be explored with a multilevel approach. Dominelli explains that the social worker can and must play a role in designing and establishing this perspective.
Green Social Work is oriented toward the rejection of structural inequality and, at the same time, views the environmental aspect as the fulfilment of human needs and as something interrelated with humans; it is recognized by the relationship between social justice and the environment. Dominelli, (2012) claims that this concept fits into the practice of social work given its inclusive, egalitarian, and caring nature and also assumes that "Green Social Work puts a person at the core of its theory and practice". Green Social Work provides insights for social workers in the broader (holistic) context of the environment of their service users by acknowledging the physical environment and preserving it for a better future on earth.
Other scholars also support the concept of Green Social Work. Alston, (2015) describes that the concept of Green Social Work can integrate the challenges of inequality in relationships into a policy. (Drolet, Wu, Taylor, & Dennehy, 2015) portray social work as a holistic approach to understanding the interconnectedness of people and the environment. This concept is beneficial in dealing with the problems of communities affected by environmental damage. (Philip & Reisch, 2015) recommend Green Social Work as a conceptual framework for explaining the dimensions of the global environmental crisis and assessing the social work profession. In this research, the Green Social Work theory was used as a theoretical framework to explore and describe the role of Green Social Workers in the Climate Village Program in the Coastal Area of Ujungalang Village, Cilacap Regency, Central Java Province.
The study results showed that the theory and practice in the field related to Green Social Work did not show significant differences. As explained previously, Green Social Work is a sustainable social work practice. It considers that balancing the shared ecosystem across disciplines is an obligation for sustainability. Green Social Work provides a new paradigm for environmental issues that Green Social Workers must address to achieve this goal. It subsequently encourages social workers to become Green Social Workers and go beyond the familiarized past zones by engaging in transformative social changes to create a prosperous and sustainable environment.
This research aimed to explore and describe the role of Green Social Workers in the Climate Village Program in the Coastal Area of Ujungalang Village, Cilacap Regency, Central Java Province. The present study proved that the Green Social Workers as practitioners unconsciously implemented the Green Social Work paradigm in the Climate Village Program. Green Social Work became the primary theoretical reference used as the basis and the analysis guidance in this study. Furthermore, the research findings illustrated that the Green Social Workers were involved in the Climate Village Program and played their proper role in realizing sustainable welfare.
The main point of Green Social Work in the Climate Village Program was to invite residents and experts using a holistic approach and encourage the community to work together to protect the physical, social, political, economic, and cultural environment in climate change adaptation and mitigation activities. These dimensions were integrated parts and could not be separated. In general, integrated development with community movements such as business elements productive economy, social elements society, environment and even politics which involves policies having potential for interdependence and strengthening one another (Suharta, R. B., Kusumawardani, E., & Hermawan, 2021).
In Indonesia, the Climate Village Program is a national-scale program developed by the Ministry of Environment, aiming to encourage the active participation of the community and all parties in carrying out local actions to improve resilience to the impacts of climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The government rewards communities that have carried out sustainable climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts by implementing the Climate Village Program. The implementation of the Climate Village Program refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Environment Number 19 of 2012 on the Climate Village Program.
The Climate Village Program could be developed and implemented in areas that were at least located at the hamlet level and a maximum equivalent to the village level. In addition, the Climate Village Program could strengthen the multi-stakeholder partnerships in dealing with climate change and facilitate the dissemination and exchange of information on good practices for climate change adaptation and mitigation. The Climate Village Program was employed as an instrument to encourage climate change adaptation and mitigation action at the site level, which was focused on strengthening local activities. The level of community participation in climate change adaptation and mitigation activities varied significantly depending on the potential and conditions in each location.
The objective of the Climate Village Program was to improve an understanding of climate change along with its causes and impacts, encourage concrete actions to strengthen the community's resilience in facing climate change, and contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Activities carried out by Green Social Workers in collaboration with local communities include conducting social mapping (Social Mapping), natural resources and climate-related disasters. The things done by Green Social Workers are as follows: 1. Establish the topics or issues discussed in social mapping. The determination of topics, carried out through group discussions at the local level, which are attended by multi-parties. Discussions on climate change adaptation actions also need to be supported by data and field facts regarding extreme climate events, climate-related disasters, and the impact of disasters on people's incomes. 2. Identifying social mapping participants. Participants were carefully selected, representing parties related to the topics discussed came from representatives The implementation of the Climate Village Program applied a community-based climate change adaptation and mitigation approach involving the principle of partnership. With this approach, stakeholders actively interacted in solving climate change-related problems to strengthen social capacities at local and national levels. In addition to the grassroots level of actions implemented by communities at the local level; the top-down policy interventions were also developed so that local efforts could run effectively, efficiently, and sustainably. Concerning the program, Green Social Workers performed several roles that were slightly different from other professions as follows: 1. Helping to analyze and solve problems and respond to opportunities and challenges faced by farmers in managing their businesses; 2. Facilitating the learning process of farmers or Forest Farmer Group (KTH) in implementing good and sustainable business governance; 3. Assisting farmers, Forest Farmer Group (KTH), or community groups in developing institutions to be competitive and productive; 4. Improving the leadership, managerial, and entrepreneurial skills of farmers, Forest Farmer Group (KTH), or community groups; 5. Ensuring farmers' access to information, technology, and other resources in business development, and assisting as well as supervising farmers in increasing production and productivity; 6. Being a safeguard of state assets in the form of forests and inviting the community to know, want, and participate in maintaining and protecting forest resources from various forest security disturbances (fires, illegal logging, and forest encroachment); 7. Encouraging the community to sustainably adapt and mitigate climate change; 8. Initiating the establishment of the Climate Village Program.
The primary basis of the Climate Village Program was community empowerment because a program might not run sustainably without going through the empowerment process. The empowerment carried out by the Green Social Workers in Ujungalang Village was closely related to the preservation of the physical environment. The study of cause-and-effect between the physical and non-physical environment has become a concern for social workers. However, the term Green Social Worker was still not massively recognized by social workers involved in the Climate Village Program. Kemp & Palinkas, (2015) responded to this circumstance, recommending that social workers, in general, deal with the impact of environmental change more decisively, comprehensively, and innovatively. Erickson, (2012) warns that if social workers choose to ignore the existence of environmental degradation (climate change) in realizing social justice, the role they carry out will ultimately not be handled optimally.
The Climate Village Program was implemented by applying the concept of community-based development, in which the activities carried out by the communities and institutions in mobilizing and managing human and natural resources inside and outside the village were directed to strengthen adaptation and mitigation efforts to the impacts of climate change, which were in line with the value system in Green Social Work. The principles of community empowerment in implementing the Climate Village Program were community-based, local resource-based, and sustainable. Community capacity could be achieved through empowerment efforts so that the community members could participate in the process or through supporting institutions in the production process, equity without distinguishing status and expertise, security, sustainability, and cooperation, all of which ran simultaneously. As an educational process where individuals or adults become more competent in handling their skills, attitudes and concepts in living in and controlling local aspects of their society through democratic participation (Sujarwo, S., Kusumawardani, E., Tristanti, T., & Santi, 2021). This research shows an update in exploring the best practices of social workers in general, because the practice of Green Social Workers in Indonesia has not been widely applied and through this research can be an important learning in the specialization of the social work profession in the future.

Conclusion
The present research encouraged the transformation of small actions into changes with a significant impact. The Climate Village Program implemented by the government, one of which was in Ujungalang Village, Cilacap Regency, Central Java Province, had its uniqueness because of the existence of Green Social Workers. Although the number of practitioners and the profession's name were not yet well known, they still had a critical role in collaborating with cross-sector parties to tackle climate change in the coastal area. As a recommendation for future scholars, the Green Social Workers in the region should be an inspiration in establishing the program in Indonesia or other countries. Government commitment is needed in developing a Green Social Work education curriculum to provide professional human resources.