The effect of structured physical exercise on cardiovascular and respiratory physiological responses in sports science students
Abstract
This study aims to determine the physical condition profiles of prospective taekwondo athletes at the
Most human body systems, especially the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, are affected by
physical activity. Understanding how exercise affects our bodies is not only theoretically important in
sports science education but also crucial in real life. This study aims to analyze the effect of physical
exercise on the physiological responses of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in Sports Science
students at Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto. The physiological responses studied include
heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and aerobic capacity (VO₂ max).
This research was conducted thru a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The
research subjects are students from the Sports Science Study Program who meet the inclusion criteria.
The intervention was conducted for 6 weeks at moderate intensity. Basic tools such as a
sphygmomanometer, heart rate monitor, stopwatch, and Multistage Fitness Test are used to take
measurements both before and after the intervention. Data is tested using parametric or non-parametric
statistical tests based on its nature.
The research results show that resting heart rate (79.6 ± 3.1 to 71.9 ± 2.8 bpm), systolic blood pressure
(125.4 ± 4.2 to 118.7 ± 3.9 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (83.1 ± 3.5 to 77.5 ± 3.2 mmHg), and
respiratory rate (20.3 ± 1.6 to 17.1 ± 1.4 x/minute) all decreased significantly. Additionally, VO2max
significantly increased to 45.1 ± 2.6 ml/kg/min from 39.2 ± 2.3 (p < 0.05). Sports science students
experienced improved lung and respiratory function after engaging in planned physical exercise. These
results confirm that programd exercise is a useful method for teaching and improving physical fitness
based on sports physiology.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Anung Probo Ismoko, Yudha Febrianta, Amri Ikhsanul Amal, Devy Citra Pratiwi, pratikyuwono@gmail.com, Wartono, Disa Hilmiyasyah Putri Wardani
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