The differences response of massage types with variation massage pressure on running speed in POPDA Sleman athletics The differences response of massage types with variasion massage pressure on running speed in POPDA Sleman athletics

: This study aims to improve the athlete's performance from the physiological aspect by knowing the differences in the response of sport massage and swedish massage with variations in pressure (light, medium, and heavy) on the hind limbs a 30 m running speed taken four times. This research is a quasi-experimental design, with the research subjects of POPDA Sleman athletic athletes with sample of 20 people. The sample was divided by matching pairs with the aim of both groups getting a balanced power. The treatments used are sports massage with movement manipulation (effleurage, tapotement, shaking/vibration) and swedish massage with movement manipulation (drainage, compression, tapotement, shaking/vibration) with pressure variation. The results showed that there were differences in the effect/good response of the type of sports massage treatment (group x) with moderate pressure. This is evidenced by the results of an increase in record time by an average of 0.36 seconds. Treatment of light pressure increased record time by an average of 0.28 seconds. Heavy pressure treatment increased record time by an average of 0.04 seconds. There is a difference in the effect/unfavorable response of the type of swedih massage treatment (group y) with all types of pressure, because it provides a decreased response time from pretest to posttest. It is proven by the decrease in the average time of 0.16 seconds on the light pressure treatment, the decrease in the average time of 0.24 seconds on the medium pressure treatment, and a decrease of 0.34 seconds on the heavy pressure treatment.


INTRODUCTION
Sports activities are often found in various places. Such as simple activities such as walking, jogging, or cycling around the house. There are also sports in fitness venues, clubs, and communities for various purposes. From the goal can be known the direction to be achieved, such as to get pleasure, fitness, and achievement. Performance sports are sports activities with the aim of achieving a better record of achievement from time to time, carried out by athletes with a gradual training process. Sport is one of the instruments in the context of achieving regional achievements. Especially in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta = DIY) there is a forum that can accommodate student athlete perform competitions in various sports which are incorporated in a routine activity, namely the DIY Regional is Pekan Olahraga Pelajar Daerah (POPDA). POPDA is the most prestigious annual student multi event in each province. POPDA activities become a benchmark for the effectiveness of students' self-development in the field of sports through participation in certain sports. POPDA is also a benchmark for fostering regional student sports achievements by competing in many sports. Apart from being a unifying tool among students, POPDA aims to improve the problem solving, breeding, and coaching of talented athletes who are later expected to be able to excel at national, regional, and international levels (Suyatmo, 2019).
3) in his research showed that there was a comparison of increasing speed between giving massage and warming up before running.
In connection with this and the results of observations with the team and administrators of the Sleman Athletic Association (Persatuan Atletik Seluruh Indonesia = PASI) for POPDA, the researchers found that there was a lack of information on the application of massage specifically, such as the type of massage (sport massage and Swedish massage) and variations in pressure (light, medium, and heavy) to improve performance in POPDA Sleman athletic athletes.

METHODS
The method used is a quasi-experimental method design. This quasi-experimental design has a control class but doesn't fully function to control external variables that affect the implementation of the experiment. Quasi experiment is used because in reality it is difficult to get a control group used for research. The research method used in this study is a 2x3 factorial design. Each factor consists of three levels, using the initial test (pre-test) and the final test (post-test). Data collection was carried out in February 2020 at the Tridadi Football and Athletics Stadium, Sleman. This study aims to compare two types of massage (sport massage and swedish massage) with three different pressures (light, medium, and heavy) on research subjects. The subjects in this study were POPDA athletic athletes who actively exercise with PASI Sleman at least three times a week. The implementation of data collection for running speed records before and after being given a sport massage and swedish massage as well as the difference in pressure on the back of the legs for each athlete. The test in this study was a test of taking the speed of a 30 m running standing start. This test technique is used to measure the results of the athlete's running speed. Research procedure: All athletes who were tested (respondents) before being given treatment were recorded when they ran 30 m from standing position (pretest); 1. Record the results on the data blank; 2. Of all the athletes who have done the pretest, then they are divided into two groups by matching pairs to determine group X and group Y. Group X is for athletes who will be given sport massage treatment on the back legs and Y for athletes will be given Swedish massage treatment on limbs; 3. Each group gets massage manipulation according to their group, as follows: One series of massage numbers 1 to 4 is carried out on the right leg first according to the duration in the table, then replace it on the left leg; 1. Treatment is given with three types of pressure (mild, moderate, and severe). For light pressure, athletes are given movements such as rubbing. At moderate pressure, the athlete is given a pressing movement using hand strength, while for heavy pressure, the athlete is given a pressing movement using the push/strength of the massager's body; 2. Each treatment with a different pressure is then tested (posttest).
The data analysis technique used in this study was SPSS 20, namely the two-way Analysis of Variance (ANAVA) at a significance level of = 0.05. Furthermore, to compare the mean pairs of treatments used the Newman Keuls Range test (Sudjana 2005, p. 36-40). Considering that research data analysis was carried out using ANAVA, before arriving at the use of ANAVA, it is necessary to test requirements, which include: (1) normality test and (2) homogeneity test of variance. The instrument is a 30 m running test with standing start. The test is carried out on a straight line, the starting line is taken 30 m from the finish line. The data collection technique for massage pressure and to record and measure the results of the run time is that the research subject fills in the personal data that has been provided in the form of an observation sheet by filling in the personal data and circling the number according to the predetermined group. Documentation techniques are used to strengthen the data that has been obtained during observation. Documentation techniques can be in the form of notes, archives, videos, and photos. The test technique in this study was a test of taking the speed of a 30 m running standing start. This test technique is used to measure the results of the athlete's running speed.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The data for treatment X was taken in four stages, namely the first stage in the pretest three times and the next three stages in the posttest three times each. The pretest was measured before the subject received the treatment, the first posttest was measured after the subject received the treatment with mild pressure, the second posttest after the subject received the moderate pressure treatment, and the third after the subject received the heavy pressure treatment. There is an increase in time (better) on the second posttest (moderate pressure).  Table 2 show the best time records for each subject and the average for each test. The average pretest time was 5.10 seconds, while the posttest with light pressure had an average time of 4.82 seconds, which means that the posttest with light pressure was better than the prettest. Posttest with medium pressure has an average time of 4.74 seconds. Posttest record time with heavy pressure is 5.06 seconds. From the data presented above, it can be concluded that respondents in the treatment x group on the medium pressure posttest had the best time compared to the pretest, light pressure posttest and heavy pressure posttest. So the treatment x given a better effect on the respondents.

Grafik 1. Average Times Treatment X
The data for treatment X was taken in four stages, namely the first stage in the pretest three times and the next three stages in the posttest three times each. The pretest was measured before the Pressure Types subject received treatment. The first posttest was measured after the subject received treatment with mild pressure, the second posttest after receiving moderate pressure treatment, and the third after receiving heavy pressure treatment. There is a decrease in time in the first, second, and third posttest.  Table 3 the data showing the best records of each subject and the average of each test. The average pretest time was 4.76 seconds, while the posttest with light pressure had an average time of 4.92 seconds, which means that the posttest with mild pressure was longer than the prettest. Posttest with medium pressure has an average time of 5.00 seconds. Posttest record time with heavy pressure is 5.10 seconds. From the data presented above, it can be concluded that respondents in the treatment group y in the pretest had the best time compared to the posttest with mild, moderate, and severe pressure. So the treatment y given did not give a better effect on the respondents.

Grafik 2. Average Time Treatment Y
Massage pressure greatly affects the athlete's speed results, because muscles can respond to different types of pressure. Pressure that is too heavy actually causes a relaxing effect (Arabaci, 2008). Deep or heavy pressure is best used when athletes are finished with activities and for athletes in recovery and after strenuous exercise (Bridges and Roos, 2014). The time or duration of massage also affects muscle work. The recommended duration before sports activities with the aim to improving athlete performance is 10 to 12 minutes. In general, sports massage can provide measurable changes in anatomical status, muscle tissue, and improvements in stride length. As well as providing beneficial support to athletes for athlete performance and general function (Wilson, 2002). The swedih massage treatment reduces the rate of reaction, but has a positive effect on flexibility (Arabaci, 2008). Massage Pressure Types treatment that causes a relaxing effect is not recommended for the warm up process, because it will reduce the reaction speed. An athlete's running speed cannot be separated from the combination of leg swing length and number of steps (Emral 2017, p. 181). Speed is also a contraction of the muscles in the legs, so strong and flexible muscles provide great support for a sprint athlete's speed. According to Emral (in Bompa, 1994) several factors that affect speed include: reaction time, strength, technique, muscle elasticity. Massage is one way to increase muscle elasticity, so massage before sports activities is increasingly being developed to optimize athlete performance (Arovah 2009, p. 12). The types of massage that are most often used in the world of sports are sports massage and swedish massage. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of sport massage treatment and swedish massage treatment with variations in pressure (light, medium, and heavy) on the back of the leg on the running speed of POPDA Sleman athletic athletes. The main findings of this study are: In the comparison of pretest and posttest giving sport massage with light pressure, a significant value = 0.000 < = 0.05, it shows that there is a difference or there is a significant effect on the provision of sports massage treatment between the pretest (running speed) and the posttest with light pressure (better time records) from posttest. In the comparison of pretest and posttest giving sport massage with medium pressure, a significant value = 0.000 < = 0.05 indicates that there is a difference or there is a significant effect on the provision of sports massage treatment between the pretest (running speed) and the posttest of medium pressure (better time records) from posttest and light pressure). In the comparison of pretest and posttest giving sport massage with significant heavy pressure = 0.867 > = 0.05, it shows that there is no significant effect on giving sports massage treatment between pretest (running speed) and heavy pressure posttest (time record is the same or decreased from posttest). These results are statistical results of the pretest and posttest time records after sport massage treatment was carried out with light, medium, and heavy pressure. Based on these results, the best time record is shown in the second posttest or after the athlete gets a medium pressure sports massage treatment.
In the provision of swedish massage treatment, there is a comparison between the pretest and posttest of light pressure with the results of a significant value = 0.000 < = 0.05 indicating that there is a difference or there is a significant effect on the provision of swedish massage treatment between the pretest (running speed) and the posttest of light pressure (record time decreased from the pretest). In the comparison of pretest and posttest giving Swedish massage with medium pressure, a significant value = 0.000 < = 0.05 indicates that there is a difference or there is a significant influence on the provision of Swedish massage treatment between the pretest (running speed) and the posttest of medium pressure (time records decrease more from posttest and light pressure). In the comparison of pretest and posttest giving swedish massage with significant heavy pressure = 0.000 < = 0.05, it shows that there is a difference or there is a significant effect on giving swedish massage treatment between the pretest (running speed) and the posttest heavy pressure (time record is the most decreased from posttest). The results above are statistical results from the pretest and posttest time records after the Swedish massage treatment was carried out with light, medium, and heavy pressure. Based on these results, the best record time is shown in the pretest, which means that the Swedish massage treatment did not give better results.  Tables 4 and 5 show the results of the increase and decrease time in seconds taken from the best overall posttest results and percentages. In treatment X the highest increase was 7% at medium pressure and in treatment Y there was a negative result or sign which means that time has decreased. The most significant decrease was found in treatment Y with heavy pressure. From the results of the graph above, it shows that the best time record was in the second posttest from the X treatment group or after the athlete received a medium pressure sport massage treatment. Meanwhile, the longest time was recorded in the third posttest from the treatment group Y or after the athlete received the Swedish massage with heavy pressure.
Massage pressure greatly affects the athlete's speed results, because muscles can respond to different types of pressure. Pressure that is too heavy actually causes a relaxing effect (Arabaci, 2008). Deep or heavy pressure is best used when athletes are finished with activities and for athletes in recovery and after strenuous exercise (Bridges and Roos, 2014). The time or duration of massage also affects muscle work. The recommended duration before sports activities with the aim of improving athlete performance is 10 to 12 minutes. In general, sports massage can provide measurable changes in anatomical status, muscle tissue, and improvements in stride length. As well as providing beneficial support to athletes for athlete performance and general function (Wilson, 2002). The swedih massage treatment reduces the rate of reaction, but has a positive effect on flexibility (Arabaci, 2008). Massage treatment that causes a relaxing effect is not recommended for the heating process, because it will reduce the reaction speed.
Researchers strive to fulfill all the conditions required, but that does not mean this research is without weaknesses and shortcomings. To get better research results, the number of subjects should be more, the need to pay attention to other supporting factors.

CONCLUSION
From the results of research that has been carried out by providing sports massage and Swedish massage treatments with various types of pressure (light, medium, and heavy), there are several conclusions including sports massage treatments with light, medium, and heavy pressure types that have an effect/response to increase time significantly. Evidenced by the average time at light pressure of 0.28 seconds, medium pressure with an average time of 0.36 seconds, and for heavy pressure with an average time of 0.04 seconds. Then for the Swedish massage treatment with all types of pressure (light, medium, and heavy) it actually gives a significant decrease in the effect/response time, because it actually increases the relaxation effect. Proven at light pressure with a record time of 0.16 seconds, at medium pressure with an average time of 0.24 seconds, and for heavy pressure with an average time