Electricity and Lighting Audits at The Bono Pekanbaru Hotel

— Electrical energy is one of the primary sources of energy support in our lives, which is very important in the operation of the hospitality industry, especially in using electronic equipment and air conditioning lighting. Many devices that require electrical energy to operate make energy consumption increase. Therefore, efforts to prevent waste of electricity use need to be made through energy audits as well as energy savings opportunities by performing calculations of Energy Consumption Intensity (ECI) values based on historical data of electrical consumption and performing measurements of light intensity on the lighting system available at The Bono Pekanbaru Hotel. Some rooms still exceed the set ECI value, which can be categorized as wasteful energy. It is necessary to do so energy-saving opportunities while on the lighting system based on the measurement of the light intensity carried out in each room, many rooms that do not meet the lighting standards and the basis of the visual still experience evaporation. This requires an energy audit and a lighting audit. On the important lighting system made, upgrade technology with the change of type and power of lighting on lighting will create energy savings in the use of electricity at the Hotel the Bono Pekanbaru and create a bright and comfortable room. Change the currently installed lights into LED lights so that the lighting system available in each room meets the SNI lighting standard 03-6197-2000.


Introduction
Electricity is an energy often used to assist in every human activity.Electricity plays a significant role, one of which is to activate electronic equipment.According to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), electricity consumption per capita in Indonesia by 2022 will have reached 1,173 kilowatt-hours (kWh).Electricity consumption has increased by 4.45% from 2021 to 1.123 kWh.This shows that electricity consumption is increasing every year [1].
The Indonesian government is striving for energy efficiency to reduce the use of the remaining fossil energy reserves.The government's efforts to improve energy efficiency involve using energy conservation methods commonly used in factories, industrial buildings, households, and commercial buildings.One is on commercial buildings such as public service buildings, shopping centers, and hotels [2].
At the hotel building, we use lighting tools to save energy.Our central lighting system utilizes natural light from dawn to daylight and cuts down on artificial lighting from lamps, reducing our electricity usage.Our electric energy efficiency depends on the electricity used, the installed equipment, and monthly or yearly electricity consumption [3].On energy conservation, several things can be done to improve efficiency: conducting energy-saving behavior, retrofitting, and upgrade technology [4].
Energy conservation is a highly systematic, scheduled, and integrated step to preserve energy resources.Energy conservation is a method used to calculate the energy consumption of a building or more buildings, the so-called audit process.If power use on electricity is inefficient, it causes high electricity consumption and increases electricity costs.This is why it is important to conduct an energy audit [5] [6].
Research related to energy audits and lighting audits has been carried out in various sectors, including energy auditing and the measurement of light intensity on the lighting systems in hotels [7] dan [8], energy audit and lighting audit on buildings [6] [9], Energy audits and recommendations for changing lights on lighting systems [10] [11].
Audits at hotels are significant because they are one of the commercial places that are generally used with colossal electricity consumption.In the world of hospitality, energy consumes the most critical things in its operation, such as lighting systems, lifts, cooling systems (AC), pumps, and heaters.The Hotel Bono Pekanbaru is a four-star hotel with complete facilities and rooms.The hotel has a building area of 5000m 2 and has 16 floors with a total of 145 rooms and 11 versatile rooms.
Based on the electricity consumption data at the Bono Hotel in 2022, it shows huge monthly energy usage.In addition to the lighting system, based on the observation and survey results carried out, it still looks weak.In an interview with the hotel's technician, Bono said that the lights in the hotel did not appear bright and still used CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) and TL (Tubular Lamp).The measurements, which showed the results of the intensity of death present in each room at the hotel building, proved this.The Bono Pekanbaru is still re-dup and needs to meet the lighting standard SNI 03-6197-2000.
Based on the problems that occurred at the hotel, the purpose of this research is to identify the value of energy consumption intensity (ECI), socialize related treatment of refrigerants and electricity consumption, and make recommendations for the replacement of environmentally friendly lamps or LED lamps that meet the standards and efficiency of the lighting system at the Bono Pekanbaru Hotel.

Methods
The outcome of the study is shown in Figure 1.The method used in this study is direct observation and energy auditing, with the following stages: 1) collect and calculate total monthly energy consumption data for 2022 based on historical data, 2) calculate the energy consumption intensity, or ECI value, that is available in each room of the Bono Pekanbaru Hotel, 3) calculate and analyze the energy savings opportunities available at Hotel The Bono Pekanbaru, 4) measure the light intensity (lux) in every room of Hotel The Bono Pekanbaru, and 5) calculate the recommended lighting points and change the type and power of the lighting in each room of Hotel the Bono Pekanbaru according to the SNI standard 03-6197-2000.
Energy auditing is a method of evaluating energy use by identifying opportunities for savings and providing recommendations to improve efficiency for users of energy sources in the context of energy conservation [12].An energy audit aims to see how the amount of energy consumption in a building can be calculated by energy consumption intensity (ECI), which is a calculation obtained from the result of the distribution between the total electricity use in each period and the area of the building.According to the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry's Energy Efficiency Guidelines, there are many aspects that are emphasized in several types of buildings that are needed to support energy savings, namely office buildings, hospitals, commercial buildings such as malls and shopping centers, apartments, educational buildings, and hotels.It is a hotel that has characteristics 1) 24-hour working hours, 2) it is divided into several categories, namely 5 stars, 4 stars, 3 stars, 2 stars, and 1 star, which are differentiated based on the number of rooms and standard of facilities, 3) it functions as a transit hotel, city hotel, and/or holiday hotel, 4) there is a bathroom in every room, 5) floor areas are divided according to public areas, limited areas, and service areas, and 6) safety and comfort are our top priorities [13].

Energy Audit
An energy audit is a process of evaluating energy conservation and identifying energy-saving opportunities, along with recommendations to improve energy efficiency in a building.Energy audits are usually carried out by a party or person whose expert, non-partisan, and objective nature is commonly known as the auditor.The purpose of the audit is to verify that the equipment or energy use is running in accordance with existing standards and regulations and that its use has been approved [14]

Early Energy Audit
Audits are carried out by measuring productivity and savings in electricity consumption and looking at savings opportunities.The initial energy audits included several activities, namely the construction and documentation of buildings, the installation of lighting on each floor of the building, the use of electrical power, and the size of reserve power [16].

Detailed Energy Audit
A detailed audit is an advanced stage of the initial energy audit and analyzes the use of the last few years and then performs research by performing detailed calculations so that you can identify the waste of electricity and find solutions, such as more detailed energy savings opportunities, and obtain the savings value that is then used to present detailed report data and find recommendations and how to apply them [17] [18].

Energy Use Intensity (ECI)
ECI is the result of the consumption of electric energy at a certain time by a large unit in the building.ECI (energy consumption intensity) calculation of a building [19], The values obtained from the calculation of the electricity ECI are used as a benchmark to group the type of electricity consumption used in the building, whether it is the same as the existing standard or not.The calculation of the energy consumption intensity in the building is obtained from the SNI standard by dividing the use and duration of electricity use by a broad unit.What can be calculated [19]: a. Energy consumption per year (kWh/year).b.Large detail of the building (m 2 ).c. Energy Consumption Intensity (ECI) in Buildings (kWh/m 2 /year).d.Cost of energy use.
According to a study conducted by ASEAN-USAID in 1987, the value of energy consumption intensity for accommodation or hospitality is 300 kWh/m 2 /year [20].Based on the minimum requirements for ECI values on buildings in Indonesia that were set by the Ministry of National Education in 2004 [21].

Energy Saving Opportunities (ESO)
Energy Saving Opportunity (ESO) is the method performed in the energy audit when the value of the energy consumption intensity measured exceeds the standard value that has been specified.In the audit method performed, the value of total energy consumption was obtained using the ECI formula and the area of the building [22].

Lighting System
An audit is performed on the lighting system to know the standard and level of attack in a room.[22].Saving the use of electric energy on the lighting system described in the ESDM policy of the Republic of Indonesia No. 13 Year 2012 on energy savings in Article 4 Paragraph 1 Letter B by doing the following [23]: a. Use the light according to its intended use and do not waste energy.b.Reducing the use of accessory lights (decorative lights).c.Use of ballast in TL lamps.d.Adjust the maximum electric power in the lighting system [6].Each room in the hotel uses different electronic equipment according to the needs of the room.This resulted in the need for electricity, and the electricity consumption in each room was different.This can be seen in Table 4. Based on the results of the audit and the calculation of electricity usage (kWh) that was carried out, there are differences in each room.A large use of electricity occurs in lodging rooms; this is caused by excessive use that does not suit the needs of every visitor who comes to stay overnight.In addition, the corridors also show large electricity usage (kWh) due to the heat source found in each corridor, which is on for 24 hours.Whereas in lodging rooms, the large use of electricity is caused using air conditioners, water heaters, and lights.However, the current research and calculations only focus on the system and the intensity of the lighting in each room.

Calculation of Energy Consumption Intensity (ECI)
The calculation of energy consumption intensity is done by adding up the monthly kWh usage and dividing it by the area of the building.The following is the result of calculating the energy consumption intensity (ECI) of The Bono Hotel in each room: Based on the results of the energy consumption intensity (ECI) calculations carried out, there are several rooms that fall into the category of efficient and wasteful use of electricity.The ECI calculation results obtained show that the lodging room exceeds the existing ECI standard, which causes it to enter the category of waste electrical energy.
Through interviews that researchers conducted with the hotel before the pandemic hit, an increase in hotel guest arrivals occurred in the mid-to late-year range.In the same way as the use of rooms, multipurpose rooms or ballrooms at the hotel have also experienced an increase in their use, so by increasing the use of rooms, the use of electrical energy at Hotel the Bono Pekanbaru will increase, but in 2022, the arrival of guests has not increased because it is still in a transitional period.from pandemic to endemic.These results can be seen in Table 5.

Fig. 2. Graph of room energy consumption intensity at the Bono Pekanbaru Hotel
Based on Figure 2, the graph shows that the deluxe, executive, junior suite, presidential suite, and corridor rooms experienced an increase in the energy consumption intensity (ECI) value, which exceeded the set ECI standard.

Energy Saving Opportunities (ESO)
The thing to do to get the saving value on energy-saving opportunities is to calculate the comparison or difference between the current energy consumption intensity value and the target energy consumption intention value.To find the ESO value at the Bono Pekanbaru Hotel, it can be seen in the Table 6.After obtaining the results in the form of recommendations for changing the type and power of the lights in the lighting system of The Bono Pekanbaru Hotel, the results of calculating the light intensity in each room of The Bono Pekanbaru Hotel are as follows.After replacing the light bulbs in the lighting system found in the inn rooms, the graph in Figure 4. Shows the increase in light intensity in the deluxe, executive, junior suite, and president suite rooms.The increase in light intensity has met the minimum standard of lux that has been set.Whereas in the rooms at The Bono Pekanbaru Hotel, after the replacement of the lights, there was an increase in the value of lighting intensity (lux), which has met the SNI 03-6197-2000 standard of lighting intensity in each room.

d.
Energy Consumption Intensity (ECI) After Lamp Upgrade After upgrading the lights in the lighting system, the amount of electricity usage is obtained in the Table 11.Based on Table 11, Shows that the use of electrical energy has increased compared to before the change to LED lights in the lighting system in each room.However, there are several rooms that have experienced a decrease in electricity usage (kWh), such as the Talang Mamak 1 to Talang Mamak 5 rooms.After obtaining the total energy use in each room, the Energy Consumption Intensity (ECI) calculation is performed.
The calculation of energy consumption intensity is done by adding up the monthly kWh usage and dividing it by the area of the building.For example, the following: Deluxe Room kWh consumption = 801.9kWh Wide = 25 m 2 Then obtained using the ECI formula equation (1) namely: Based on the results of the calculation of the energy consumption intensity (ECI) obtained based on Table 11, It shows that after changing the lamp to an LED lamp, the results of the ECI value in each room show the same category as before the lamp was replaced, so that it does not cause excessive use.soared all over the room.Rooms that exceed ECI standards are in the deluxe, executive, junior suite, and corridor rooms in the extravagant category, while the front office and presidential suite are in the quite efficient category.However, in the lighting system, after changing the lights, it shows that the light intensity in each room meets SNI 03-6197-2000 standards.
As for energy conservation, which is carried out to reduce the use of electrical energy and achieve the desired energy savings in the efficient category in the deluxe, executive, junior suite, presidential suite, and corridor rooms, it is necessary to carry out energy conservation with energy-saving behavior.The energy-saving behaviors that are carried out are: 1) In commercial buildings, when using electronic equipment that is not in use, you should turn it off.2) Change the settings on the computer to be in standby mode when not in use.
3) Unplug cables on electronic equipment from the wall socket when not in use or use a smart power strip for all electronic equipment.4) Incessantly conduct important training on how to save energy for employees and outreach to visitors who come.

Conclusions
Based on the results of the measurements and calculations carried out, it is concluded that the size of the Energy Consumption Intensity (ECI) in office rooms, versatile spaces, swimming pools, restaurants, canteens, cafes/bars, and toilets at The Bono Hotel Pekanbaru is still in the efficient category, but there are some rooms that are still in the category of quite efficient, such as the accommodation room with the type of presidential suite.In the deluxe, executive, junior suite and corridor rooms, the ECI value in the apartment is still significant, exceeds the set ECI standard, and is in the wasteful category.Energy consumption intensity (ECI) exceeds the standards set by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 13 of 2012, it is necessary to make energy-saving opportunities to reach the efficient category, so it is required to save energy by providing awareness and outreach about energy-saving behaviors.Meanwhile, the lighting system in every room of the hotel building still does not meet the lux standard set out in the SNI 03-6197-2000 standard, so the intensity in each room still looks dim.For each room to have comfort during activities as well as excellent intensity and meet standards, it is necessary to make a change (a technology upgrade) to this type of lighting with LEDs because these types of lamps produce good and bright lighting and are environmentally friendly and so that the level of lighting in each room meets minimum lux lighting standards set.

Authors
Muhammad Fiqri Ramadhan is a College Students who are currently undergoing education in the study program of electrical engineering at the Faculty of Science and Technology at The State Islamic University Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau with a bachelor's degree.(email: 11950511617@students.uin-suska.ac.id).
Zulfatri Aini is a lecturer who has completed education with a Bachelor of Science in Engineering at STTP Padang University, continued education with a Master of Engineering degree at Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta and earned a Doctorate degree at the Universitas Negeri Padang.

Table 2 .
Lighting standard e. Grouping the switches according to their utilization and use.f.When not in use, the light should be turned off.g.The use of a lamp housing to have a good light reflection.h.Install smart switches at any place using time settings and light sensors.i.Using sunlight as the source of lighting during the day by opening curtains or windows.j.Cleaning dirty lamps and the armature (lamp housing).3Result

and Discussion 3.1 Equipment and Use of Electricity in Every Room of the Bono Hotel PekanbaruTable 3 .
Use of equipment and power in each room

Table 4 .
Usage of kWh per-room

Table 5 .
Energy consumption intensity (ECI) of each room

Table 6 .
Value of energy saving opportunity (ESO) for each room

of Lamps in Lighting Systems According to SNI 03-6197-2000 StandardsTable 9 .
Lighting system lamp upgrade recommendations

Table 11 .
Use of kWh and ECI after upgrade of lamps in the lighting system