Respons molekuler beta endorphin terhadap variasi intensitas latihan pada atlet sprint

Eddy Purnomo, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Joko Pekik Irianto, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Mansur Mansur, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract


Latihan Interval (LI) merupakan salah satu metode latihan untuk meningkatkan dan mempertahankan kemampuan/kecepatan berlari dalam jarak dan waktu tempuh yang sudah ditentukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan gambaran respons fisiologis dan biolemis Kadar β-endorfin terhadap LI dengan berbagai macam intensitas latihan (tinggi, sedang, dan rendah) pada sprinter dan non- sprinter Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu yang terdiri dari tiga tahap pelaksanaan pengukuran. Subjek penelitian ini adalah sprinter UKM 17 orang dan kelompok non-sprinter 15 orang. Setiap kelompok dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yang lebih kecil berdasarkan intensitas latihan, yaitu kelompok latihan intensitas tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengukuran karakteristik fisik berupa TB, BB, dan tes kecepatan lari 100 m serta pengambilan sampel darah sebanyak 3 kali 5 ml, untuk mengukur respons β-endorfin pada kondisi intensitas tinggi, sedang dan rendah sebelum. Data diambil sebelum diberi LI, selama LI, dan setelah istirahat 30 menit. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode ELISA dengan uji statistik anova. Hasil dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjuk bahwa dalam kelompok sprinter dan non sprinter dan non-sprinter tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap peningkatan kadar β-endorfin. Akan tetapi terdapat peningkatan bermakna persentase kadar β-endorfin pada kelompok intensitas tinggi dibandingkan kelompok intensitas sedang dan rendah. Baik untuk kelompok sprinter maupun non-sprinter. Waktu istirahat 30 menit setelah LI belum cukup untuk mengembalikan kadar β-endorfin ketingkat awal.

 

Molecular response endorphins against interval exercise with various intensity in sprinter

 

Abstract

Interval Exercise (LI) is one of the training methods to improve and maintain the ability or and speed of running in the distance and the time that has been determined. This study aims to find a depiction of physiological and biochemical responses of endorphins levels to LI with various intensity of exercise high, medium, and low on sprinter and non-sprinter. This research uses a quasi-experimental method which consists of three stages of a measurement implementation. The subjects of this research are the sprinter Activity sports unit of college Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta consist of 17 people and the non-sprinter group of 15 people. Each group is divided into three smaller groups based on the intensity of the exercise are high-intensity group, medium, and low. The study was conducted by measuring physical characteristics in the form of HB, WB, and 100m run a speed test and blood sampling as much as 3 times 5 ml to measure the response of endorphins in high, medium, and low-intensity constancy. The data were taken before being given LI, during LI, and after 30 minutes break. The analysis was done using the ELISA method with an ANOVA statistic test. The result and the conclusion. The results showed that in the sprinter and non-sprinter groups there was no significant difference in elevated endorphin levels. However, there was a significant increase in the percentage of endorphins in high-intensity groups compared to the medium and low-intensity groups, both for sprinter and non-sprinter groups. Rest time 30 minutes after the LI is not enough to restore the level of endorphins to the initial level.


Keywords


Exercise; physiological; biochemical responses to sprinter; Latihan; fisiologi; respons biokimia pada atlet sprinter

Full Text:

Fulltext PDF

References


Abadi, M. N., & Malek-Nia, N. (1991). Comparative measurements of plasma beta-endorphins in normal subjects and drug addicts. Proceedings of The First Iranian Congress of Biochemistry, 116.

Acevedo, E. O., & Goldfarb, A. H. (1989). Increased training intensity effects on plasma lactate, ventilatory threshold, and endurance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 21(5), 563–568. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/2607946

Bender, T., Nagy, G., Barna, I., Tefner, I., Kádas, É., & Géher, P. (2007). The effect of physical therapy on beta-endorphin levels. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 100(4), 371–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0469-9

Boecker, H., Sprenger, T., Spilker, M. E., Henriksen, G., Koppenhoefer, M., Wagner, K. J., Valet, M., Berthele, A., & Tolle, T. R. (2008). The runner’s high: Opioidergic mechanisms in the human brain. Cerebral Cortex, 18(11), 2523–2531. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn013

Cravana, C., Medica, P., Prestopino, M., Fazio, E., & Ferlazzo, A. (2010). Effects of competitive and noncompetitive showjumping on total and free iodothyronines, β-endorphin, ACTH and cortisol levels of horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 42, 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00264.x

de Meirleir, K., Naaktgeboren, N., Van Steirteghem, A., Gorus, F., Olbrecht, J., & Block, P. (1986). Beta-endorphin and ACTH levels in peripheral blood during and after aerobic and anaerobic exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 55(1), 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00422884

Farrell, P. A., Gates, W. K., Maksud, M. G., & Morgan, W. P. (1982). Increases in plasma beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin immunoreactivity after treadmill running in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 52(5), 1245–1249. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1982.52.5.1245

Ferlazzo, A., Medica, P., Cravana, C., & Fazio, E. (2012). Circulating β-Endorphin, Adrenocorticotropin, and cortisol concentrations of horses before and after competitive show jumping with different fence heights. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 32(11), 740–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2012.02.021

Goldfarb, A. H., & Jamurtas, A. Z. (1997). β-Endorphin response to exercise. Sports Medicine, 24(1), 8–16. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199724010-00002

Kraemer, W. J., Dziados, J. E., Marchitelli, L. J., Gordon, S. E., Harman, E. A., Mello, R., Fleck, S. J., Frykman, P. N., & Triplett, N. T. (1993). Effects of different heavy-resistance exercise protocols on plasma beta-endorphin concentrations. Journal of Applied Physiology, 74(1), 450–459. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.1.450

Kusuma, M. N. H., Syafei, M., Saryono, S., & Qohar, W. (2020). Pengaruh cold water immersion terhadap laktat, nyeri otot, fleksibilitas dan tingkat stres pasca latihan intensitas sub maksimal. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v8i1.30573

Monica, R., Irfannuddin, I., & Nasution, N. (2017). Pengaruh latihan fisik intensitas ringan dan sedang terhadap perubahan kadar hormon Beta–Endorphin Mencit (Mus Musculus L.) Hamil. Biomedical Journal of Indonesia, 3(2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.32539/bji.v3i2.8598

Noya, A. B. I. (2018). Hormon endorfin: Penghilang stres dan pereda rasa sakit alami. Gramedia.

Pierce, E. E., Eastman, N. W., Tripathi, H. L., Olson, K. G., & Dewey, W. L. (1993). β-Endorphin response to endurance exercise: Relationship to exercise dependence. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 77(3), 767–770. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.3.767

Rasaee, M. G., Gaeeni, A. A., & Nazem, F. (2004). Hormone compliance and exercise. University of Tarbiyat Modaress.

Sugiyono. (2010). Metode penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif dan R & D. Alfabeta.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v8i2.33833

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Keolahragaan

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


Jurnal Keolahragaan is indexed by:

             


Creative Commons License
Jurnal Keolahragaan by http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jolahraga/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

All rights reserved p-ISSN: 2339-0662 | e-ISSN: 2461-0259

View My Stats