Efek suplementasi kalsium terhadap kebugaran dan profil kesehatan pada atlet tarung derajat

Yusni Yusni, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia
Amiruddin Amiruddin, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia

Abstract


Kalsium merupakan mineral utama yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh atlet untuk kekuatan tulang, sendi dan kontraksi otot pada saat berolahraga. Olahraga berat dan berlangsung lama secara progresif akan meningkatkan kebutuhan kalsium. Inadekuat asupan kalsium berdampak terhadap hipokalsemia yang akan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya cedera olahraga. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh suplementasi kalsium terhadap kebugaran dan kesehatan pada atlet Tarung Derajat. Design penelitiannya adalah eksperimental (one group pretest-post test design). Total 21 atlet Tarung Derajat, usia 18-25 tahun, putra dan putri sebagai subjek. Pemeriksaan meliputi, pengukuran: komponen fisik untuk mengetahui kebugaran, anthropometri (berat, tinggi, dan indeks massa tubuh), dan tekanan darah untuk mengetahui profil kesehatan, dan kalsium darah. Intervensi berupa pemberian tablet kalsium sitrat, dosis 1x1000 mg/hari, diberikan setelah makan malam dan selama 35 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah atlet putri dengan hipokalsemia menurun 50%, dari 44.44% (sebelum) menjadi 22,22% setelah pemberian kalsium. Kebugaran meningkat (p<0,05), namun tidak terjadi perubahan pada berat (p>0,05), indeks massa tubuh (IMT) (p>0,05), tekanan darah (TD) (p>0,05) dan kadar kalsium (p>0,05) setelah suplementasi kalsium. Simpulan: suplementasi kalsium menurunkan jumlah hipokalsemia pada atlet putri, meningkatkan kebugaran, dan meningkatkan secara tidak bermakna kadar kalsium. Sebaliknya suplementasi kalsium tidak berpengaruh terhadap anthropometri (berat dan indeks massa tubuh), dan TD pada atlet Tarung Derajat.

 

Effects of calcium supplementation on physical fitness and health profile in tarung derajat athletes

 

Abstract

Calcium is the main mineral that is needed by athletes for bone strength, joint, and muscle contraction during exercise. Strenuous and prolonged exercise will progressively increase calcium requirements. This inadequate calcium intake is having an impact on hypocalcemia and increasing the risk of sports injuries. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of calcium supplementation on fitness and health in Tarung Derajat athletes. The research design was experimental (pretest-posttest without control group design). A total of 21 Tarung Derajat athletes, aged 18-25 years, male and female were the subjects. The examination was physical fitness, anthropometric values, and blood pressure to determine the health profile, and blood calcium. The intervention was a calcium tablet, a dose of 1x1000 mg/day, given after dinner, and for 35 days. The results showed that the number of female athletes with hypocalcemia decreased by 50%, from 44.44% (before) to 22.22% after calcium therapy. Physical fitness increased (p<0.05), but there was no change in weight (p>0.05), body mass index (BMI) (p>0.05), blood pressure (BP) (p>0.05)) and calcium levels (p>0.05) after calcium supplementation. Conclusions: Calcium supplementation has reduced the amount of hypocalcemia in female athletes, increased physical fitness, and did not significantly increase calcium levels. Calcium supplementation has no effect on anthropometry (weight and body mass index) and BP in Tarung Derajat athletes.


Keywords


calcium; physical fitness; health; athletes; Tarung Derajat; kalsium; kebugaran; kesehatan; atlet

Full Text:

Fulltext PDF

References


American College of Sports Medicine, and D. of C. A. of N. and D. (2016). Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics, dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and athletic performance. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116(3), 501–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006

Baranauskas, M., Stukas, R., Tubelis, L., Žagminas, K., Šurkienė, G., Švedas, E., Giedraitis, V. R., Dobrovolskij, V., & Abaravičius, J. A. (2015). Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes. Medicina, 51(6), 351–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medici.2015.11.004

Bhardwaj, M., Babbar, I., Setia, P. K., Vij, R., & Joshi, R. (2014). Dietary Pattern , BMI and Calcium Status of Female College Students. JMSCR, 2(5), 1099–1107.

Campbell, I. (2011). Thyroid and parathyroid hormones and calcium homeostasis. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 12(10), 465–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2011.07.003

Chen, Y.-L., Chen, Y., Chang, J., Lin, J. C., & Chien, Y. (2015). Daily calcium intervention for a weight-loss program resulted in more significant decreases in body weight, BMI, body fat mass, and body fat percentage. Obesity Research - Open Journal, 2(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.17140/OROJ-2-112

Clarkson, P. M. (1991). Minerals: Exercise performance and supplementation in athletes*. Journal of Sports Sciences, 9(sup1), 91–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419108729869

Cliffor, J., & Maloney, K. (2015). Nutrition for athletes. In Food and Nutrition Series (pp. 1–5). Colorado State University. https://extension.colostate.edu/docs/pubs/foodnut/09362.pdf

Cormick, G., Ciapponi, A., Cafferata, M. L., & Belizán, J. M. (2015). Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD010037.(6), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010037.pub2

Eisner, D. A., Caldwell, J. L., Kistamás, K., & Trafford, A. W. (2017). Calcium and excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Circulation Research, 121(2), 181–195. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310230

Heffernan, S., Horner, K., De Vito, G., & Conway, G. (2019). The role of mineral and trace element supplementation in exercise and athletic performance: A systematic review. Nutrients, 11(3), 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030696

Henry, F. J. (2016). Caribbean sports and nutrition: Focus on the glycemic index. International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine, 2(1), 1–5. https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijsem/international-journal-of-sports-and-exercise-medicine-ijsem-2-033.pdf

Jafari-Giv, Z., Avan, A., Hamidi, F., Tayefi, M., Ghazizadeh, H., Ghasemi, F., Javandoost, A., Farjami, Z., Mouhebati, M., Safarian, M., Parizadeh, S. M. R., Saberi-Karimian, M., Ferns, G. A., & Ghayour-Mobarhan, M. (2019). Association of body mass index with serum calcium and phosphate levels. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 13(2), 975–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2018.12.017

Kim, M., Bu, S. Y., & Choi, M. (2012). Daily calcium intake and its relation to blood pressure, blood lipids, and oxidative stress biomarkers in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Nutrition Research and Practice, 6(5), 421–428. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2012.6.5.421

Larson-Meyer, E. (2013). Calcium and Vitamin D. In The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine (1st editio, pp. 242–262). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118692318.ch20

Laursen, P. B. (2010). Training for intense exercise performance: high-intensity or high-volume training? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(s2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01184.x

Li, P., Fan, C., Lu, Y., & Qi, K. (2016). Effects of calcium supplementation on body weight: a meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 104(5), 1263–1273. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.136242

Maughan, R. J., Burke, L. M., Dvorak, J., Larson-Meyer, D. E., Peeling, P., Phillips, S. M., Rawson, E. S., Walsh, N. P., Garthe, I., Geyer, H., Meeusen, R., van Loon, L. J. C., Shirreffs, S. M., Spriet, L. L., Stuart, M., Vernec, A., Currell, K., Ali, V. M., Budgett, R. G., … Engebretsen, L. (2018). IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(7), 439–455. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027

Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Maroto-Sánchez, B., Luzardo-Socorro, R., Palacios, G., Gil-Antuñano, N. P., & González-Gross, M. (2015). Evaluation of nutritional status and energy expenditure in athletes. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 31(3), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.sup3.8770

Muth, N. D., & Zive, M. M. (2015). Sports nutrition for health professionals. F. A. Davis Company; Philadelphia.

Pravina, P., Sayaji, D., & Avinash, M. (2015). Calcium and its role in human body. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 4(2), 659–668.

Pu, F., Chen, N., & Xue, S. (2016). Calcium intake, calcium homeostasis and health. Food Science and Human Wellness, 5(1), 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.01.001

Rosol, T. J., Chew, D. J., Nagode, L. A., & Capen, C. C. (1995). Pathophysiology of calcium metabolism. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 24(2), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.1995.tb00937.x

Setiawan, I. (2018). Profil tingkat kondisi fisik atlet Tarung Derajat Kota Kediri dalam mempersiapkan kejuaraan Porprov tahun 2018. Briliant: Jurnal Riset Dan Konseptual, 3(4), 488. https://doi.org/10.28926/briliant.v3i4.251

Tandogan, B., & Ulusu, N. N. (2005). Importance of calcium. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 35(4), 197–201. http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/abstract.htm?id=7741

Vitale, K., & Getzin, A. (2019). Nutrition and supplement update for the endurance athlete: Review and recommendations. Nutrients, 11(6), 1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061289

Weaver, C. M. (2000). Calcium requirements of physically active people. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(2), 579S-584S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.2.579S

Yusni, Amiruddin, Purba, A., & Tarigan, B. (2017). Essential role of serum calcium for muscle strength in football athletes. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 180, 012186. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012186

Yusni, Y., & Amiruddin, A. (2015). Pemenuhan kebutuhan kalsium dan besi atlet sepak bola junior Banda Aceh. Jurnal Sport Pedagogy, 5(2), 1–4. http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/JSP/article/view/7333




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v8i1.30244

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Keolahragaan

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


Jurnal Keolahragaan is indexed by:

             


Creative Commons License
Jurnal Keolahragaan by http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jolahraga/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

All rights reserved p-ISSN: 2339-0662 | e-ISSN: 2461-0259

View My Stats