DIMENSI PERTANYAAN DOSEN DAN MAHASISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS
Teguh Setiawan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Salah satu indikator keberhasilan pengajaran adalah mampu membawa siswa dapat berpikir kritis. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk dapat menumbuhkan pola berpikir kritis adalah pemberian pertanyaan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) tipe pertanyaan dosen dan mahasiswa, (2) dimensi kognisi yang terkandung dalam pertanyaan yang dibuat oleh dosen dan mahasiswa, dan (3) dimensi pengetahuan yang terkandung dalam pertanyaan dosen dan mahasiswa jenjang S-1 dan S-2 pada Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh dosen dan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Data yang berupa pertanyaan-pertanyaan dikumpulkan dengan cara direkam dan dicatat. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah human instrumen dan indikator tuturan yang mengandung pertanyaan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat ditarik tiga simpulan. Pertama, jenis pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh mahasiswa dan dosen pada jenjang S-1 dan S-2 ada dua, yaitu pentanyaan konvergen dan pertanyaan divergen. Kedua, dimensi kognitif pertanyaan mahasiswa S-1 masih berada pada tingkat C2 dan C3, dengan tingkatan C2 lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan C3; sebaliknya pertanyaan dosen S-1 sudah banyak ke arah C3 dan sudah mulai ke C4. Yang berarti pertanyaan mahasiswa dan dosen S-2 sudah mengarah ke kongnisi tingkat tinggi. Ketiga, dimensi pengetahuan pertanyaan mahasiswa dan dosen S-1 mencakup pengetahuan konseptual dan prosedural, sedangkan dimensi pengetahuan pada pertanyaan mahasiswa dan dosen S-2 mencakup dimensi konseptual, prosedural, dan metakognitif, sebagian besar berada dalam dimensi pengetahuan prosedural yang berarti mahasiswa bergerak pada pola pikir yang lebih abstrak dan rumit.
Kata Kunci: dimensi pertanyaan, dimensi pengetahuan, pembelajaran kelas
DIMENSIONS OF LECTURER AND STUDENT QUESTIONS
ON LEARNING IN CLASS
Abstract
One indicator of teaching success is being able to bring students to think critically. One way that can be done to be able to grow critical thinking patterns is giving good questions. This study aims to describe (1) the types of lecturer and student questions, (2) the dimensions of cognition contained in the questions made by lecturers and students, and (3) the dimensions of knowledge contained in the questions made by lecturers and students in the undergraduate and graduate in the Indonesian Language and Literacy Education Study Program of Yogyakarta State University. The data source of this research is the questions posed by lecturers and students in Indonesian language and literature study programs at the time of the class chase, both for bachelor and master degree programs. Data in the form of questions are collected by means of recorded and recorded. The instruments used in this study are human instruments and speech indicators that contain questions. Based on the results of data analysis three conclusions can be drawn. First, the types of questions posed by students and lecturers at the bachelor and master level are two, namely convergent questions and divergent questions. Second, the cognitive dimensions of S-1 student questions are still at levels C2 and C3, with higher C2 levels. compared to C3. On the other hand, there are many questions from the S-1 lecturer towards C3 and have started to C4. the question of students and S-2 lecturers who have led to a high-level technician. Third, knowledge on the questions of students and lecturers of S-1 covers conceptual and procedural knowledge, the knowledge on the questions of the S-2 students and lecturers included the conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive changes. Most are in the dimensions of procedural knowledge. That is, students move on a more abstract and complex mindset.
Keywords: question dimension, knowledge dimension, classroom learning
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v19i2.33442
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