Kajian Alternatif Peningkatan Kinerja Jaringan Bus TransJogja: Lesson-learned Transformasi Sistem Bus di Korea Selatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21831/inersia.v18i1.49089Keywords:
Transjogja, transportasi umum, kinerja jaringanAbstract
TransJogja merupakan salah satu bus komuter dan moda alternatif utama yang secara resmi diperkenalkan oleh Dinas Perhubungan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada bulan Maret 2008. Moda alternatif ini diperkenalkan untuk mengurangi tingkat kemacetan yang terus meningkat, untuk mendorong penggunaan angkutan umum dan menyediakan lebih banyak alternatif moda bagi warga. Namun, Menurut PUSTRAL, persentase pengendara sepeda motor di Kota Yogyakarta mencapai 73,4% dari total modal share. Tidak dapat disangkal bahwa meningkatnya jumlah kendaraan pribadi dan rendahnya biaya bahan bakar telah berkontribusi pada pilihan moda di kota. Untuk meningkatkan minat masyarakat dalam menggunakan angkutan umum, maka perlu dilakukan pembenahan sistem jaringan pelayanan bus. Dalam penelitian ini, diusulkan dua alternatif perbaikan untuk mengatasi beberapa permasalahan pada jaringan. Saran tersebut diambil dari lesson-learned di Korea Selatan. Mendorong penggunaan angkutan umum diyakini sebagai cara yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kinerja jaringan. Saran tersebut diuji dengan menggunakan model simulasi lalu lintas makroskopik pada jalan di pusat perbelanjaan utama yaitu Malioboro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mendorong penggunaan angkutan umum dengan melarang penggunaan angkutan pribadi termasuk mobil dan sepeda motor dapat menurunkan penggunaan mobil pribadi dan pengemudi sepeda motor masing-masing hingga 2878 dan 3374 perjalanan per hari. Sedangkan pengendara sepeda dan TransJogja mengalami peningkatan masing-masing sekitar 1.389 dan 4.465 perjalanan per hari. Selain itu, saran untuk memulai reformasi sistem bus besar-besaran juga diusulkan. Di Korea Selatan, hampir 90% penduduk Seoul puas dengan reformasi tersebut. Kecepatan bus rata-rata telah meningkat, jumlah kecelakaan turun, dan pengguna angkutan bus bertambah hingga lebih dari 700.000 penumpang per tahun.
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