Semua adalah masyarakat: intervensi paradigma monadologi Gabriel Tarde untuk radikalisasi Sosiologi

Devananta Rafiq

doi:10.21831/dimensia.v13i2.68802

Semua adalah masyarakat: intervensi paradigma monadologi Gabriel Tarde untuk radikalisasi Sosiologi

Devananta Rafiq, Pascasarjana Fakultas Filsafat Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

10.21831/dimensia.v13i2.68802

Abstract

Artikel ini merupakan upaya memperkenalkan kembali gagasan sosiolog Gabriel Tarde melalui kajian kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan metode penggalian data studi pustaka. Dari hasil penelusuran ditemukan bahwa Tarde melalui teorisasi ‘monadologi’ berhasil memperluas cakupan definisi masyarakat pada segala hal yang ada (‘everything is society’). Dari situ, artikel ini berusaha berargumen bahwa pemikiran Tarde ini menandai peralihan secara radikal diskursus sosiologi dari yang sekadar dimaknai sebagai ‘ilmu mengenai masyarakat’ (science about the society) menjadi ‘ilmunya masyarakat’ (the science of society). Jenis pemerian monadologi ini kemudian bisa secara praktis dipergunakan pada paradigma ‘actor-network theory’ (ANT) yang banyak dikembangkan oleh Bruno Latour untuk mendorong semakin terlibatnya sosiolog dengan kenyataan sosial yang ditelitinya.

This article aims to reintroduce the ideas of sociologist Gabriel Tarde with a research that is conducted through a qualitative study using literature studies. From the research, it was found that through his theorization of ‘monadology’, Tarde managed to expand the scope of society’s definition to include everything that exists (thus: ‘everything is society’). From there, this article argues that Tarde’s thinking marks a radical shift in sociological discourse: from being simply interpreted as ‘the science about the society’ to ‘the science of society’. This type of monadological explication can then be used in the ‘actor-network theory’ (ANT) paradigm that has been developed by Bruno Latour to encourage sociologists to become more involved with the social reality they study.

Keywords

Gabriel Tarde; Bruno Latour; Monad; Sosiologi; Actor-network theory

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/dimensia.v13i2.68802