Pengaruh Masukan Udara Bertingkat pada Proses Gasifikasi Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Distribusi Temperatur dan Kandungan Tar

Abdul Gafur, Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis, Indonesia
Bambang Sudarmanta, Jurusan Teknik Mesin Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Arif Rahman Saleh, Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Tidar

Abstract


Indonesia memiliki banyak daun kelapa sawit yang berlimpah tetapi kurang dimanfaatkan. Mempertimbangkan pasokan yang besar dan konsisten, daun kelapa sawit dapat menjadi sumber energi biomassa yang menjanjikan melalui proses gasifikasi. Salah satu masalah yang paling menantang mengenai gasifikasi daun kelapa sawit adalah keberadaan tar. Tulisan ini menyajikan studi eksperimental gasifikasi biomassa pelepah kelapa sawit di reaktor downdraft dengan tahap pasokan udara bertingkat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen, dengan menggunakan variabel tetap berupa distribusi suhu dan kandungan tar, sedangkan variabel bebasnya berupa masukan udara/rasio udara (AR)  disetiap tingkatan oksidasi dan pirolisis. Bahan bakar dimasukkan melalui hopper hingga batas drying kemudian ID fan dinyalakan dan api juga mulai dinyalakan. Setelah tercapai kondisi stady state maka dimulai pengambilan data dengan memvariasikan masukan udara di pirolisis dan oksidasi, distribusi suhu diperoleh dari termokopel tipe K yang dipasang disetiap tingkatan dan kandungan tar diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode brandt. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh masukan udara bertingkat terhadap distribusi suhu disepanjang ketinggian reaktor menunjukkan peningkatan suhu yang signifikan yaitu suhu di zona pirolisis mencapai 590 0C yang juga berpengaruh pada peningkatan yang signifikan pada zona oksidasi sebesar 827 0C. Hasil yang sama juga diperlihatkan pada hasil kandungan tar yang diperoleh kandungan terendah sebesar 37,0 mg/m3. Hasil ini memperlihatkan kandungan tar turun ketika diberikan udara bertingkat pada zona pirolisis.

 

Indonesia has abundant but underutilized oil palm fronds (OPF). Considering its ample and steady supply, OPF could be a promising source of biomass energy through gasification. One of the most challenging issues concerning the gasification of OPF is the presence of tar. This work presents an experimental study of wood biomass gasification in a moving bed downdraft reactor with two-air supply stages. The method used in this study was experimental, using temperature distribution and tar content as fixed variables and input air ratio (AR) at each level of oxidation and pyrolysis as independent variables. The fuel was fed through a hopper to the drying limit. An ID fan was then turned on, and the fire started simultaneously. Data collection was begun by varying the air intake in pyrolysis and oxidation after reaching the steady-state condition. The temperature distribution was obtained from type K thermocouple installed at each level, and the tar content was obtained using the Brandt method. The results showed that the effect of multistage air input on the temperature distribution along the reactor's height showed a significant increase in temperature. The pyrolysis zone temperature reached 590 °C, which affected a considerable temperature increase in the oxidation zone of 827 °C. The same results are also shown in the tar content results obtained by the lowest content of 37.0 mg/m3. These results show that the tar content decreases when given gradual air input in the pyrolysis zone.


Keywords


downdraft gasification, palm frond, two stage air supply, temperature, tar, gasifikasi tipe downdraft, pelepah kelapa sawit, dua masukan udara, temperatur, tar

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/dinamika.v6i1.34288

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